Caffeine boosts energy, focus, and endurance by stimulating the central nervous system. It reduces perceived effort and fatigue, allowing for longer, more intense workouts. Caffeine also enhances fat oxidation, making it useful for both performance and weight management.

Taurine supports muscle function, hydration, and recovery. It helps regulate electrolytes, reducing muscle cramps and fatigue. Taurine also has antioxidant properties, protecting muscles from oxidative stress during exercise.

Beta-alanine increases muscle carnosine levels, buffering acid buildup and delaying fatigue. This improves performance in high-intensity exercises by allowing longer, sustained efforts before exhaustion.